Astigmatism is a common vision condition that occurs when the cornea or lens of the eye has an irregular shape, causing blurred or distorted vision. Unlike nearsightedness or farsightedness, which affect vision at specific distances, astigmatism can affect vision at all distances.

Causes of Astigmatism

Astigmatism occurs when the cornea or lens is not perfectly curved, leading to uneven light refraction. This irregular curvature can be present at birth or develop over time due to various factors, including:

Genetics: Astigmatism Often Runs in Families

Astigmatism is frequently hereditary, meaning it can be passed down from parents to their children through genes. This genetic predisposition significantly influences the development of the condition. If one or both parents have astigmatism, their children are more likely to develop it as well. 

A family history of astigmatism can indicate a higher risk, making early detection and regular eye exams crucial, especially for children. Genetic factors influence the shape and curvature of the cornea, and ongoing research aims to identify specific genes contributing to astigmatism, potentially leading to better diagnosis and treatment in the future.

Eye Injuries or Surgeries: Damage to the Cornea Can Cause Irregularities

Astigmatism can result from eye injuries or surgeries that damage the cornea. Trauma to the eye or surgical procedures like cataract surgery can alter the shape of the cornea, leading to irregular curvature. This damage causes astigmatism by creating uneven surfaces on the cornea. Proper eye protection and following post-surgical care instructions are crucial in preventing such damage and maintaining healthy vision.

Keratoconus: A Progressive Eye Disease

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease where the cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape, leading to distorted vision. Symptoms include blurred vision, light sensitivity, and difficulty seeing at night. The exact cause is unknown but may involve genetic and environmental factors. Diagnosis is made through a comprehensive eye exam, and treatment options include corrective lenses, corneal cross-linking, and in severe cases, corneal transplants.

Symptoms of Astigmatism

Common symptoms of astigmatism include:

• Blurred or Distorted Vision at All Distances: You may notice that objects both near and far appear blurry or distorted.
• Eye Strain and Discomfort: Experiencing strain or discomfort in your eyes, especially after prolonged activities like reading or working on a computer.
• Headaches: Frequent headaches, particularly after tasks that require close focus.
• Difficulty Seeing at Night: Struggling with clear vision in low light conditions or at night.
• Squinting to See Clearly: Finding yourself squinting frequently to achieve clearer vision.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to visit an eye care professional for a comprehensive eye exam.

How is Astigmatism Treated?

Astigmatism can be corrected using various methods, depending on the severity and the individual's lifestyle:

• Eyeglasses: Prescription glasses with special cylindrical lenses can correct the uneven curvature and improve vision.
• Contact Lenses: Toric contact lenses are designed specifically for astigmatism. They have different powers in different meridians to address the irregular shape of the cornea.
• Refractive Surgery: Procedures like LASIK or PRK can reshape the cornea to correct astigmatism.

At What Age Can Astigmatism Occur?

Astigmatism can occur at any age, from childhood to adulthood. It can be present at birth or develop later in life. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment.

Preventing Astigmatism

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent astigmatism, maintaining good eye health can help reduce the risk of vision problems:

• Regular eye exams: Early detection and treatment can prevent complications.
• Protecting your eyes: Wear protective eyewear during activities that could cause eye injuries.
• Managing screen time: Follow the 20-20-20 rule to reduce eye strain from prolonged screen use.

Recommended Contact Lenses for Astigmatism

For those with astigmatism, toric contact lenses are a popular option. Some recommended brands include:

• Acuvue Oasys for Astigmatism: Known for its comfort and high oxygen permeability, suitable for extended wear.
• SofLens Daily Toric: Offers moisture retention and clear vision, even during extended screen time.
• Acuvue Vita for Astigmatism: Monthly lenses with high oxygen permeability and resistance to deposits.

Related Articles on Vision Problems

If you found this article helpful, you might also be interested in reading our other posts:

• Understanding Farsightedness and How Contacts Can Correct It
• Multifocal Contact Lenses for Presbyopia

FAQs about Astigmatism

Can astigmatism worsen over time?

Yes, astigmatism can change or worsen over time, especially if left uncorrected. Regular eye exams are important to monitor and manage any changes.

Is astigmatism a common condition?

Yes, astigmatism is a very common vision condition and affects many people worldwide. It often occurs with other refractive errors like nearsightedness or farsightedness.

Can children have astigmatism?

Yes, children can have astigmatism. It's important to have their eyes checked regularly to detect and correct any vision problems early.

Are there special contact lenses for astigmatism?

Yes, toric contact lenses are specifically designed to correct astigmatism. They are available in daily, bi-weekly, and monthly options.

Can astigmatism be cured with surgery?

Refractive surgery, such as LASIK or PRK, can effectively correct astigmatism by reshaping the cornea. However, not everyone is a candidate for these procedures.

How often should I have my eyes checked if I have astigmatism?

It is recommended to have an eye exam at least once a year if you have astigmatism or any other vision problems. Your eye care professional may suggest more frequent check-ups based on your specific needs.